BY A plus fire & Safety
In the hands of trained personnel, portable fire extinguishers are the first line of defense against incipient fires, but in order to be useful they need to be accessible. This blog tackles the topic of portable fire extinguisher placement, both how portable fire extinguishers should be distributed and exactly where they are allowed to be placed.
The first step is to choose the correct extinguisher based on the fire risk. Extinguishers are broken down into the following ratings:
- Class A: Ordinary Combustibles
- Class B: Flammable Liquids
- Class C: Energized Electrical Equipment
- Class D: Combustible Metals
- Class K: Cooking Media
The distribution of portable fire extinguishers is a balance between having an extinguisher nearby when you need it but not being overly burdened by the cost and maintenance of having excessive extinguishers. Let us start off with what NFPA 10 Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers requires.
When NFPA 10 addresses extinguisher placement it uses the term “maximum travel distance to extinguisher”. This means that at any point inside the building you should never have to travel more than the maximum distance to reach an extinguisher. It is important to ensure the distance being measured is the actual distance a person would need to walk to get the extinguisher (as shown in Figure 1) and that occupants are not expected to walk through walls.
The maximum travel distance is often the limiting factor but for certain Class A extinguishers there is an additional floor area limitation. This maximum floor area that a single extinguisher can cover is directly related to the numerical A rating and level of hazard occupancy but reaches a maximum of 11,250 ft2. It is important to know both the maximum travel distance and floor area per extinguisher since you need to follow the most restrictive of the two. The following table, along with Table 6.2.1.1 and 6.3.1.1 of NFPA 10, will help you determine the required travel distance and maximum floor area.